What is 5G?

While 5G isn't expected until 2020, an increasing number of companies are investing now to prepare for the new mobile wireless standard. We explore 5G, how it works and its impact on future wireless systems.
5G simply stands for fifth generation and refers to the next and newest mobile wireless standard based on the IEEE 802.11ac standard of broadband technology, although a formal standard for 5G is yet to be set.

According to the Next Generation Mobile Network's 5G white paper, 5G connections must be based on 'user experience, system performance, enhanced services, business models and management & operations'.
And according to the Groupe Speciale Mobile Association (GSMA) to qualify for a 5G a connection should meet most of these eight criteria:

• One to 10Gbps connections to end points in the field
• One millisecond end-to-end round trip delay 
• 1000x bandwidth per unit area
• 10 to 100x number of connected devices
• (Perception of) 99.999 percent availability
• (Perception of) 100 percent coverage
• 90 percent reduction in network energy usage
• Up to ten-year battery life for low power, machine-type devices

Previous generations like 3G were a breakthrough in communications. 3G receives a signal from the nearest phone tower and is used for phone calls, messaging and data.

4G works the same as 3G but with a faster internet connection and a lower latency (the time between cause and effect).

           EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

 

Mobile communication has become more popular in last few years due to fast revolution in mobile technology. This revolution is due to very high increase in telecoms customers. This revolution is from 1G- the first generation, 2G- the second generation, 3G- the third generation, and then the 4G- the forth generation,5G-the fifth second generation.
 

A.    First Generation(1G)

B.    Second Generation(2G)

C.    Third Generation(3G)

 D.    Fourth Generation(4G)

            COMPARISION OF 1G TO 5G

 

 

CONTENT

1G

2G

3G

4G

5G

 

START	1970	1990	2004	NOW	SOON
					(2020)
DATA	2kbps	64kbps	2Mbps	1Gbps	>1Gbps
BW
MULTIPLEX	FDMA	TDMA	CDMA	CDMA	CDMA
SWITCHING	CIRCUIT	CIRCUIT	PACKET	ALL	ALL
				PACKET	PACKET
CORE
NETWORK	PSTN	PSTN	PACKET	INTERNET	INTERNET
			N/W

        5G ARCHITECTURE

Fifth generation mobile systems model is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile networks interoperability The All-IP Network (AIPN) is capable to fulfill increasing demands of the cellular communications market. It is a common platform for all radio access technologies. The AIPN uses packet switching and its continuous evolution provides optimized performance and cost. In fifth generation Network Architecture consist of a user terminal (which has a crucial role in the new architecture) and a number of independent, autonomous radio access technologies (RAT). 

Cloud computing is a model for convenient on-demand network access to configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services). Cloud computing allows consumers to use applications without installation and access their personal data at any computer with internet access. CCR links the ReconfigurableMulti Technology Core (RMTC) with remote reconfiguration data from RRD attached to Reconfiguration Data models (RDM). The main challenge for a RMTC is to deal with increasing different radio access technologies. The core is a convergence of the nanotechnology, cloud computing and radio, and based on All IP Platform. Core changes its communication functions depending on status of the network and/or user demands. RMTC is connected to different radio access technologies ranging from 2G/GERAN to 3G/UTRAN and 4G/EUTRAN in addition to 802.11x WLAN and 802.16x WMAN. Other standards are also enabled such as IS/95, EV- DO, CDMA2000...etc. Interoperability process-criteria and mechanisms enable both terminal and RMTC to select from heterogeneous access systems.
 

                   CLOUD COMPUTING

 

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction…” a definition from. Hence, cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote server to maintain data and applications. In 5G networks this central remote server could be a content provider. Cloud computing allows consumers and business to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. The same concept is going to be used in multi -core technology where the user tries to access his private account form a global content provider through cloud computing.
 

          QUALITY OF SERVICE(QoS)

 

Next Generation Networks (NGN) consists of support functionalities for data transport, and control transport, as well as functionalities for support of services and applications. The measurement of traffic is a basic control activity in order to provide Quality of Service. In addition 5G communication system is designed by the finest Quality of Service (QoS).
 

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to a network‘s ability to achieve maximum bandwidth and deal with other network performance elements like latency, error rate and uptime. Quality of service also involves controlling and managing network resources by setting priorities for specific types of data (video, audio, files) on the network. QoS is exclusively applied to network traffic generated for video on demand, IPTV, VoIP, streaming media, videoconferencing and online gaming. The primary goal of quality of service is to provide priority to networks, including dedicated bandwidth, controlled jitter, low latency and improved loss characteristics. Its technologies supply the elemental building blocks that will be used for future business applications in campus, wide area networks and service provider networks. There are three fundamental components for basic QoS implementation :

•     Identification and marking techniques for coordinating QoS from end to end between network elements.
•     QoS within a single network element.
•     QoS policy, management, and accounting functions to control and administer end-to-end traffic across a network.

 WHY 5G?

•  Very High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit.
• It  supports  interactive,multimedia,  voice,  video, Internet,  and  other  broadband  services,  more effective  and more attractive,and have Bi- directional, accurate traffic statistics.

• 5G  technology offers Global  access  and  service portability.
• It offers the high quality services due to high error tolerance.
• It  is providing large broadcasting capacity up to Gigabit which supporting almost 65,000 connections at a time.

• More applications combined with artificial intelligent (AI) as human life will be surrounded by artificial sensors which could be communicating with mobile phones.
• •5G technology use remote management that user can get better and fast solution.

• The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology is very high.
• 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.

• 5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency.

 

        CONCLUSION

 

The development of the mobile and wireless networks is going towards higher data rates and all-IP principle. Mobile terminals are obtaining each year more processing power, more memory on board, and longer battery life for the same applications. 5G include latest technologies such as cognitive radio, SDR, nanotechnology, cloud computing and based on All IP Platform. It is expected that the initial Internet philosophy of keeping the network simple as possible, and giving more functionalities to the end nodes, will become reality in the future generation of mobile networks, here referred to as 5G.